This “Night of Power” is a very important occasion in the history of Islam and in our personal lives. Why? What is the basis of this unique feature of this night? In HISunique style, Alllah Ta’aala has asked this very question in the ayah previous to this one
[1] “And what will explain to thee what the night of power is?” Whereas HE has provided the answer to this question in the preceeding and opening ayah of this Surah. HE declaraes there
[2] “We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power.” So the glorious Quran, with all its worth, value and importance was revealed in this night for the blessings of all mankind. It is pertinent that this Surah is placed next to Surah Al-Alaq that has the First revelation in its first five ayahs. This is one reason why this is the night of honor, dignity and glory. According to some scholars the revelation of the Quran– a sign of Mercy, a guide and a blessing of Allah to mankind — was started in this night with the first five ayahs of Surah Al Alaq while the Holy Prophet was contemplating in the cave of Hira; others are of the opinion that the whole Quran was transferred in this night from the Umm al Kitab or Loh-e-Mehfooz (Preserved tablet) to the angels who are bearers of revelation; and Allah knows best. It is interesting to note that Mufti Mohammed Shafi states that all the Holy Scriptures were revealed in the month of Ramdhan
[3]
The phrase “laylati al qadr” is also translated as night of “Decree” or “Destiny” or “Determination” or “Predetermination” based on the contents of the rest of the Surah
[4] :
“Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah’s permission, on every errand. Peace!…This until the rise of morn!” This underlines the second reason for the greatness of this night. Not only the destiny of the individual but of Quraish, Arabia and the whole world was, is and will be determined in this night. Mufti Mohammed Shafi provides some details of this function
[5] “Min kulli amr” has been translated variously as “for every matter”, “with all decrees”, “for every affair” , “on every errand” and “with every command”. Every aspect of a persons life is ordained in this Holy night for the whole year.
The first word of the last ayah in this Sura
[6] “Salamun” is a single word meaning Peace but stands for a full sentence implying “it is all peace, equanimity and complete virtue, having no evil in it”.
The concluding part of this last ayah “hiya hatta matlaAAial fajr” (“This until the rise of morn!”) conveys a very practical message. In the words of Mufti Mohammed Shafi in his marvellous Ma’aariful Quran: “The concluding expression of the verse means the blessings of the Night of Qadr are not restricted to any particular part of the night. They start descending at the fall of night and continue till the break of dawn.”
The story of the period of revelation of Surah Al Qadr makes an intersting reading
[7]
Allah Ta’aala has also referred to this night else where also in the Quran as the blessed night
[8] :
“Ha-Mim. By the Book that makes things clear; We sent it down during a Blessed Night: for We (ever) wish to warn (against Evil). In the (Night) is made distinct every affair of wisdom, (every precise matter) By command, from Our Presence. For We (ever) send (revelations),As Mercy from thy Lord: for He hears and knows (all things);”
When do we look for this great night in Ramdhan? There are varioou schloarly opinions. The most authentic view suggests to look for it in the odd nights of the last ten days of Ramdhan. The view to find it in all the last ten days is also well authentcated. A reliable and popular position puts the sacred night on the 27th night of Ramdhan. Mufti Mahmoodhas discussed this issue with references
[9] . There are several “signs of this great night” declared in haditlh literature to recognise its presence.
[10] I am not impressed.
When and how do we perform to earn the great blessing of this night. Allah Ta’aala has annonced a Grand Redction Sale: 30,000 times extra reward, starting from the minute sun sets. To put it in a different way, this gives us a chance to live one thousand months (83.3 years) with sincere worship and dedicated devotion. One would and should expect a mad rush by ordinary erring Muslims to avail every minute of this night. But the fact is surprising: many amongst us are spending this immensely valuable time in unproductive activities and excessive socialization; an extra hour or two over an iftar-dinner party; or an hour of gossip over a cup of tea and cookies; or get out after some prayers for a stroll on the street with the children to relax and enjoy the weather. Are we not conveying to God Almighty : “ I am OK Allah Ta’aala, I do not need so much of neki(piety); my account is pretty good; I can throw away with impunity some of the benefits that you have so generouly promised.” Please think about it.
A scholar has very eloquently and forcefully summarised about and for this great night:
“The Night of Power is a very important occasion in Islam. Everyone is asked to live it and to enjoy it. This Night is a night of Mercy, a night of Blessing, a night of Peace and a night of Guidance. It is a night of Unification between the finite world of ours and the Infinite Universe of the Unseen.
Anyone who is interested in attaining the Mercy of Allah will strive very hard to look for the Night of Power. Anyone who is interested in receiving the blessings of Allah on the Blessed Night will work very hard to enjoy the Night of Power. Anyone who is interested in attaining peace of mind, peace of body and peace in society, he has to look for this Night and to live it.
May Allah give us the strength, the power, the courage and the effort to do our best to obey Allah and to follow His teachings. May Allah guide us and may Allah strengthen our Iman. May Allah help us to live another year with sincerity and devotion. May Allahmake us realize that one year of our life is over and that we are one year closer to our graves.
Let us wake up and do our best to please Allah in our daily life. Let us ask Almighty Allah forgiveness. Ameen.”
So we should all make a firm commitment to devote ourselves in worship on all of the last 10 nights, if not then on the odd numbered nights, if not then at least on as many nights as we can. If we still cannot do that then at least on the 27th night. We should worship Allah with full sincerity, hope for immense reward, forgiveness and mercy from Allah for an entire lifetime of sins. We must plan upfront to earmark this period purely for worship and devotion
There are numerous and attractive suggestions for the various acts of worship to help us living the Night of Power.
[11] A special reference to “10 points Worship Plan” is called for becuase it is unsual and lncludes some really weighty and crucial out of the box features.
[12]
During the khutba on the “last Friday” of the recent month of Ramdhan, (you will recall this email was scheduled for the month of August) the Imam echoed my feelings about when do we start preparing for the forthcoming Ramdhan. Is it on its arrival, or a week before or a month in advance. No. As he put it, it starts now i.e. on the departure of the current Holy month, the importance of which is clear in the Quran and hadith.
[13]
To plan correctly for Ramadhan in 2014 one needs a honest and thorough analysis of how we have performed in the Holy month in 2013. Can we expect HIS blessings for our deeds in the past Holy month or did we goofed and thus lost a golden oppurtunity. This brings us to the next step in our analysis: What does Allah Ta’aala Subhanahoo and HIS beloved Messenger expect us to do specially for this very special month? Does the Holy Quran guide us here? What are the preachings and practices of our Holy Prophetfor this sacred month. What sort of activities — religious and temporal — will be well rewarded for us and our children. In the prelude, I have mentioned that many of our prevalent widespread practices about religious matters do not have a basis in the Quran. Ramdhan is a case in point. The surah Al Qadr and the ahadith related to it and the activities recommended for it
[11] , [12] should be our main guidance for the deeds in Ramdhan. However the main activity, apart from abstaining from food performed with great fervour and enthusiasm is congregational taraweeh prayers which is not only not mentloned in the Quran but is not even the practice of our Prophet.
Generally speaking, the whole month of Ramadan is a period of spiritual training wherein believers devote much of their time to fasting, praying, reciting the Quran, remembering God, and giving charity. Let us talk of some specifics.
The basis of Ramdhan is abstaining from food and drinks and intimate sexual relationship during the fasting hours. Paradoxically though, this is just nothing by itself. “Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)” declares The Holy Prophet, Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam. (Bukhari Vol. 3 : No. 127) i.e. Once we finish the Sehar, we have only obtained a permission to enter the tracks and get down to your knees and hands to start the race. The azaan is the shot to start the race for the day. How much of credit have you earned by now i.e. by deciding to abstain from eatlng and sex at dawn: ZERO. Will you build on this just by going hungry rest of the day: NO. As you go along the track and continue the race you will be judged and marked. Your interaction with your spouse, children and elders in the family, with peers and colleagues in the school, offices and work places, with your neighbours and bystanders is being monitored for attitudes, manners, tone, compassion, honesty etc. You will get your marks for the day at the call of Allah-o-Akbar at Maghrib.
Your duty towards your Creator five times a day assume a tremendous significance during this month. I hope he is wrong when a scholar states that 80 to 90% of American Muslims do not pray. However even those who do pray seem to focus on the physical ritual and the need for congregation and PERIOD. The underlying life of our prayer is SPIRITUALITY which completely alludes our attention. Agreed, it is not possible in the hustle bustle of our daily life and we can be almost sure that the Compassionate and Merciful will, Insha Allah forgive us for that. However it does not absolve us of our duty to attempt it whenever possible. Ramdhan is the occasion when we can and should try to fine tune our prayers; could I venture some suggestions:
The first and foremost is to realise that our noble Prophet has labelled the prayer as the “Mi’raaj of Momin”. Just as our beloved Prophet was awarded the unique oppurtunity of attending the Divine Court of Allah Ta’aala Subhanahoo, the Momin is facing his Creatorwhen on the prayer rug. If he cannot imagine facing the Lord and Cherisher (whlch he NEVER can or will ) he should atleast conceptualise that Allah Ta’aala is watching him and ensure that he is connecting and communicating with HIM. In the jargon of the digital age, prayer provides the chance to the believer of sending “instant messages” directly to the Heavans.
Once you say the Takbir e Tehrima — the first takbir — many of the halal activities become haraam for you e.g. you canno talk or walk, cannot answer salaam, no unnecessary movements, focus your attention at the point of sijda etc.
Stand still with hands folded in a particular fashion and go through the drill in exactly the fashion elborated by our beloved Prophet ( the suggestion that one can hold theQuran in the hand during Taraweeh prayers violates these two basic requirements of prayer). Importantly, the change of postures and the duration of each position has to be reasonably calm and composed. Once our Holy Prophet made a person to repeat his prayer in his mosque because he had rushed through it.
Any attempt at learning or teaching while we are paying our respects to God Almightyin our prayers is obviously undesirable if not forbidden; real contemplation demands exclusive attention.( Yes, the Sahabaa also needed to teach their children to pray; the hadith literature therefore has guidlines how to go about it.)
To encourage the habit of prayers among Mulims it is oftern emphasised by teachers and imams that it only takes 20 to 30 minutes for all the five mandatory prayers. Very true and very good to start with. But this is the bare minimum. Just think, how many times and where in our life are we satisfied with the “bare minimum; we always aspire for the first class if not for distinction. Add the fact that the five prescribed daily prayers is the hallmark of Muslims. We should try and spare extra time for this blissful attendance in the presence of Allah. An interesting observation: At Juma “prayers” thekhutba is forty minutes long and the post prayer socialisation takes about fifteen minutes but the “prayer” itself lasts three to four minutes.
Khushoo and Khuzoo — contemplation and introspection — is the essential of Salah. I supplicate daily to Bari Ta’aala to bless me with this evasive quality; allow me to recommend the same to you; let us hope HE endows us with this superb quality.
Tilawat e Quran i.e. Reading the Quran is the second best form of ibadah after salah.
The lexicon describes “‘read” as:
“1. To examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed characters, words, or sentences).
2.To have the ability to examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed material in a given language or notation)
The Arabic word Tilawat has similar meaning. Hence the very common practice of incantation or resonant audible utterences of the our Holy Book rapidly and without understanding cannot be called tilawat and should be aggressively discouraged if not condemned. I would request you to think: does this practice not actually amount to inadvertantly being disrecpectful to our Creator: HE is addressing us “Oh, All those who believe…….” and what is our response; we just pass by without waiting and trying to understand what is being told to us!! Understanding and studying the Quran is
strognly recommended in Ramdhan. After the initilal readings, it is much more absorbing, interesting and rewarding to study the Quran subjectwise. As our Book is not chronologically arranged, reading it A to Z is full of barakha but but not fully substantive and meaningful.
On many occasions Quran explains about Quran itself — and this by the way is the most important and obviously the most authentic criterla in Tafseer work. Note what our Holy Book has to say about recitation of Quran
[14] “……and recite the Qur’an in slow, measured rhythmic tones.” I have listed translatiions of nine eminent and famous Mufessarins to clarify and emphasise that there is no difference of opinion in understading the meaning of this part of the ayah.
[15] Contrast this dictate of our Holy Book with the very common and popular practice of running through the Quran, specially during the Taraweeh prayers. The faster and the shorter the taraweeh, the more popular it is. As I mentioned earlier, this has become the most popular and enthusiastic activity during Ramdhan. Some aspects need close attention:
First, the insistance on jama’ah in masjid is not supported by Shari’ah. The practice of the Prophet and his directive is to pray Taraweeh at home. The practice of congregational taraveeh in the mosque was advised by Hazrat Umer when he saw Muslims in the Masjid Nabawee praying taraveeh individually and in groups at the same time. He himself used to offer it at home. I presume the most common reason for insistance on the jama’ah in the masjid is the difficulty to pray on your own twenty raha’ahs at home; perhaps I am biased by my own experience.
[16] A jama’ah at home with the family members can obviate this problem. Socialisation and ostentation, the two human attributes are probably the other reasons for the popularity of this practlice. In many circles it has become a nidus for partying and feasting. There is basically nothing wrong with these trends apart from the fact that the spirituality of the occasion is buried under.
Second, this flare and fervour about “completing the whole the Quran” during taraweehis very debatable. This is a good example of a popular practice amongst the Muslims without any basls in Shari’ah and conflicting with clear dictates of our Holy Book. There is ofcourse no mention of “completing the Quran” in the Quran. There is also not a single hadith recommending this practice. The Sahabaah are reported to recite large portions of the Book in taraveeh but this took their prayers right into Seher; sometimes they almost missed the seher itself.
Third, the Unit of Barakha (if you insist on one) for tilawaat is the time you spend on it. The prevalent teaching that one gets TEN nekis (piety) for each letter (not word) one has pronounced is very misleading if not just ridlculous.
Let us all think and ponder over our performance in the last Ramdhan along these lines and prepare a blue print fo the next one.
……..and Allah knows best.
May Allah Ta’aala bless us with true understanding–“fahm”–of our Deen, Aameen.